长沙市固体废弃物处理场水文地质及环境效应评价          下载免费PDF全文

贺勇  李冰冰  朱考飞  李方志  张可能 《探矿工程》2021,48(4):110-115

为了解垃圾填埋场周边地下水环境污染状况,以长沙市固体废弃物处理场周边土壤、地下水及下游水库水质为研究对象,对研究区进行采样分析,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗污染综合指数法对该垃圾填埋场周边环境重金属含量特征进行分析与风险评价。结果表明：As、Cr（Ⅵ）、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cu重金属是填埋场周边环境中的主要污染物,区域采样点及下游水库中重金属含量均值低于地下水质量标准Ⅲ类,填埋场区污染状况良好;Cr（Ⅵ）含量在ZK1与R1样品中均高于地下水质量标准Ⅲ类,是填埋场周边地下水的主要风险污染物;ZK1~ZK4中土壤重金属元素以Pb、Cr（Ⅵ）富集为主,其达中度污染程度,应引起重视。  相似文献   

黄原胶改性微米铁修复地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)污染的试验     

赵勇胜  李彧 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(4):1224-1230

为了解决微米铁的重力沉降问题,提高微米铁修复地下水Cr（Ⅵ）污染的原位修复效果,本文利用黄原胶对微米铁进行改性,并通过沉降实验探究改性微米铁浆液的稳定性,同时选择Cr（Ⅵ）作为目标污染物,探究黄原胶改性微米铁去除地下水Cr（Ⅵ）污染的降解能力。实验结果显示：当黄原胶的投加质量浓度分别为0.0、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、6.0 g/L时,改性微米铁浆液的悬浮稳定性逐渐得到加强,在5 h沉降实验结束时,对应的相对分光光度值分别为0.05、0.25、0.46、0.57、0.65、0.73和0.87;黄原胶具有抑制微米铁吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的能力,其可促进Cr（Ⅵ）的还原,提高Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率;随着黄原胶投加质量浓度的增加,对应的Cr（Ⅵ）去除率分别为33.4%、41.2%、47.4%、51.1%、53.0%、63.9%和64.1%;6.0 g/L黄原胶改性的微米铁浆液具有最佳的悬浮稳定性,黄原胶的投加提高了微米铁的反应活性,但当黄原胶投加质量浓度超过3.0 g/L时,其对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率没有显著提高;黄原胶投加质量浓度越大,黄原胶的缓冲作用就越明显。  相似文献   

随机森林模型预测岩溶区酸性煤矿井水锰污染   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李冲 《中国煤炭地质》2021,(3):43-47,59

酸性煤矿井水严重威胁地下水的水质。如何更有效对受影响区域的地下水源进行动态监测是当前的一个关键问题。采用随机森林中的回归模型,利用自变量(采空区水位、岩溶水位、pH值、泉水流量、电导率)和因变量(污染离子浓度)的相关性,建立回归模型;使用测试数据进行误差分析,结果证明模型准度较高,所得预测值具有参考价值;得出各自变量对因变量影响的重要程度,分析结果与实际情况相符合。试验表明,随机森林回归模型在酸性煤矿井水污染预测方面具有适用性,可作为辅助手段监测水质污染情况,对今后工作有一定的指导意义和经济价值。  相似文献   

Contrasting water–rock interaction behaviors of antimony and arsenic in contaminated rivers around an antimony mine,Hunan Province,China     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(2):125748

Although antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) exhibit similar geochemical behavior and toxicity in the environment, growing evidence suggests that their water–rock interaction behavior in contaminated rivers is quite different. Twenty-nine river water samples were collected between September and November 2018 from contaminated rivers around an antimony mine in Hunan Province, China. The concentrations of As and Sb were inversely proportional to the water flow distance. The rates and magnitudes of Sb decrease were more prominent than those of As. Silicate mineral dissolution from rocks such as silicified limestone increased the As and Sb concentration of in-mine-district (IMD) water. Dissolution of carbonate minerals, ion exchange, and competitive adsorption were the major water–rock interactions, resulting in rapidly decreasing As and Sb concentration in IMD direct impacted water and IMD indirect impacted water. The behaviors of As and Sb during water–rock interaction were dissimilar for areas dominated by carbonate and silicate minerals.  相似文献   

基于监测数据的全国地下水质动态变化特征     

殷秀兰  李圣品 《地质学报》2021,95(5):1356-1365

地下水质动态变化及其趋势研判是区域水资源调配决策的重要依据.本文以全国2007～2017年国家级地下水监测网水质数据为基础,结合典型地区的代表性监测组分超标特征及动态趋势,开展了地下水质动态变化过程研究,结果表明:全国地下水监测中以Ⅳ类水质点占比最大,其次为Ⅱ类水质点;Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水质点数量较少,而且占比以降低为主,Ⅳ和Ⅴ类地下水监测点逐渐增加,其中Ⅳ类水质点的比例由40.50％增加至51.45％;全国地下水质主要的超标组分为pH、总硬度、总溶解性固体、硫酸盐、氯化物、高锰酸钾指数、铁、锰、氟化物、"三氮".以华北地区、华东地区、西南地区和西北地区为代表,分析研究典型地区地下水质的动态变化过程及其影响因素,结果显示,在地下水位变化较大的地区,地下水质状况随着地下水位变化明显,在地下水位波动较小的地区,地下水质状况也基本上变化较小.研究成果对于科学评价地下水资源、合理制定区域地下水开发利用规划、防治地下水污染等具有一定的指导作用.  相似文献   

应用电子探针-扫描电镜研究陕西华阳川铀稀有多金属矿床稀土矿物特征     

万建军  潘春蓉  严杰  康清清  洪斌跃  钟福军  黄卉  杜景勇  严兆彬  潘家永 《岩矿测试》2021,(1):145-155

陕西华阳川铀稀有多金属矿床伴生大量的稀土资源,其矿石类型独特、组分复杂,系统的稀土矿物学工作将揭示矿石主要稀土矿物类型、稀土元素赋存状态,进而对矿床开发中稀土元素综合利用及选冶技术提供重要参考。本文在岩相学基础上,利用电子探针、扫描电镜对陕西华阳川铀稀有多金属矿床矿石中的稀土独立矿物与含稀土矿物进行系统研究,在矿石中发现了褐帘石（La₂O₃ 6.49%～7.61%,Ce₂O₃ 11.50%～14.00%）、磷铈镧矿（La₂O₃ 16.30%～21.21%,Ce₂O₃ 32.06%～39.18%）、磷钇矿（La₂O₃ 2.29%～3.58%,Ce₂O₃ 1.89%～2.37%,Y₂O₃ 39.77%～42.80%）、氟碳铈镧矿（La₂O₃ 12.86%～14.20%,Ce₂O₃ 36.67%～39.90%）、褐钇铌矿（La₂O₃ 1.19%～2.11%,Ce₂O₃ 1.29%～2.30%,Y₂O₃ 22.67%～25.88%）等5种稀土独立矿物;同时发现磷灰石、贝塔石、榍石等矿物中稀土元素含量较高。研究表明,该矿床稀土元素以独立矿物（褐帘石、磷铈镧矿、磷钇矿、氟碳铈镧矿、褐钇铌矿）与类质同象（磷灰石、贝塔石、榍石等矿物）两种形式存在,稀土资源以La、Ce轻稀土元素为主,并富含重稀土元素Y。  相似文献   

沁水煤田15号煤中氟的赋存状态及其沉积环境分析     

张鹏  张绍韡  解锡超  游永建  李健 《中国煤炭地质》2021,(3):1-6,42

氟是煤中有害元素之一,燃煤型氟排放造成的污染已经对人类的健康安全构成威胁。研究煤中氟赋存状态及其沉积环境,对掌握高氟煤分布规律及控制燃煤造成的氟排放具有重要意义。通过对沁水煤田内6座煤矿15号煤样品的分析发现:煤中氟含量与灰分显著相关,与黄铁矿硫、有机硫无相关关系,表明煤中氟主要以无机物形式赋存,且与含硫矿物无关;与钾、镁、硅、铝等元素含量具有显著的相关关系,表明氟有可能的主要赋存形式为金云母、氟金云母等矿物,以及以吸附存在于高岭石、勃姆石、伊蒙混层等黏土矿物中;与钙、磷元素含量无显著相关性,表明氟不以氟磷灰石、含氟羟基磷灰石等矿物大量赋存。此外,通过对沁水煤田15号煤的沉积环境分析发现,弱还原环境、较低盐度、偏酸性、较强的水动力条件有利于该区域煤中氟的富集。  相似文献   

Microplastic pollution in surface water and sediments of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Current status and causes     

《China Geology》2021,4(1):178-184

To study the current status and causes of the microplastic pollution in surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this paper compared the average microplastic abundance in sediments and surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the results are as follows. First, the average microplastic abundance in surface water of the independent rivers and the whole area is 247–2686 items/m³ and 856 items/m³, respectively. The average microplastic abundance in sediments of independent rivers or lakes and the whole area is 0–933 items/m² and 362 items/m², respectively. Meanwhile, the degree of microplastic pollution in river sediments is higher than that in lake sediments, and the rivers suffering from microplastic pollution mainly include the Brahmaputra River, Tongtian River, and Nujiang River. Second, compared with the microplastic pollution in other areas of the world, the levelof microplastic pollution in the lakes and rivers of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is not lower than that of well-developed areas with more intensive human activities. Finally, this study suggests that relevant government departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen waste management strategies while developing tourism and that much attention should be paid to the impacts of microplastics in the water environment.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Sensitivity assessment of strontium isotope as indicator of polluted groundwater for hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids produced in the Dameigou Shale of Qaidam Basin          下载免费PDF全文

Zheng Zhao-xian  Cui Xiao-shun  Zhu Pu-cheng  Guo Si-jia 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(2):93-101

Hydrogeochemical processes that would occur in polluted groundwater and aquifer system, may reduce the sensitivity of Sr isotope being the indicator of hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids(HFFF) in groundwater. In this paper, the Dameigou shale gas field in the northern Qaidam Basin was taken as the study area, where the hydrogeochemical processes affecting Sr isotope was analysed. Then, the model for Sr isotope in HFFF-polluted groundwater was constructed to assess the sensitivity of Sr isotope as HFFF indicator. The results show that the dissolution can release little Sr to polluted groundwater and cannot affect the εSr(the deviation of the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio) of polluted groundwater. In the meantime, cation exchange can considerably affect Sr composition in the polluted groundwater. The Sr with low εSr is constantly released to groundwater from the solid phase of aquifer media by cation exchange with pollution of Quaternary groundwater by the HFFF and it accounts for 4.6% and 11.0% of Sr in polluted groundwater when the HFFF flux reaches 10% and 30% of the polluted groundwater, respectively. However, the Sr from cation exchange has limited impact on Sr isotope in polluted groundwater. Addition of Sr from cation exchange would only cause a 0.2% and 1.2% decrease in εSr of the polluted groundwater when the HFFF flux reaches 10% and 30% of the polluted groundwater, respectively. These results demonstrate that hydrogeochemical processes have little effect on the sensitivity of Sr isotope being the HFFF indicator in groundwater of the study area. For the scenario of groundwater pollution by HFFF, when the HFFF accounts for 5%(in volume percentage) of the polluted groundwater, the HFFF can result in detectable shifts of εSr(ΔεSr=0.86) in natural groundwater. Therefore, after consideration of hydrogeochemical processes occurred in aquifer with input of the HFFF, Sr isotope is still a sensitive indicator of the Quaternary groundwater pollution by the HFFF produced in the Dameigou shale of Qaidam Basin.  相似文献   

苏州市一次重霾污染天气过程的数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴珂  包云轩  蔡敏  金建平  牛利  严明良 《气象科学》2019,39(1):104-116

本文对苏州地区2015年12月13—15日发生的一次典型的重霾污染天气过程进行了数值模拟,分析了颗粒物及其组分的时空变化特征及其气象影响因子,以期为该区域空气污染治理和预防提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)利用WRF-Chem模式对此次重霾污染天气过程的污染气体成分进行数值模拟后发现,小时平均的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO、SO_2、NO_2模拟值与实测值的相关系数较高,达到0.68以上,通过了P0.01的显著性检验,且日变化过程对应也较好。(2)通过分析此次污染过程的天气背景,发现污染形成期高空环流比较平直,中层为均匀的弱高压控制,地面受弱高压脊控制,这种形势容易导致颗粒物的堆积。后期地面等压线密集时,风速大,有利于污染物的输送与扩散。(3)通过分析此次污染过程期间气象要素的变化发现,有逆温、风速小、相对湿度大等不利的气象条件是导致此次污染过程发生的重要原因之一。(4)HYSPLIT轨迹分析显示,此次重霾过程主要受北方大范围灰霾颗粒物南下影响,北方污染气团逐步南推,14至15日本地大气扩散条件差、污染物累积,最终导致本地污染加重,从而发生重霾事件。(5)火点图的分布进一步验证了此次重霾污染过程是由外来污染气团输入所导致。  相似文献